Grounding for the metaphysics of morals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Establishing for the power of ethics - Essay Example must be accomplished when people in a network demonstration in such a way, as they would anticipate that others should act towards them along these lines bringing about a free network with individuals filling their need. In such a network, every individual lives by a similar arrangement of decides that he applies to other people (the law is applied generally and there are no special cases). Thus, every individual goes about as the law and simultaneously coordinates agreeably with others to accomplish self-governance. This he called the realm of closures which has law as its proper requesting guideline. A straight out basic whereby any activity instructed ought to be done on the grounds that it is the proper thing and not on the grounds that the activity will be remunerated ought to be fused. Individuals from a network ought not be the subjects to the standard of law yet the legislators due to the general path by which they act. Any part can force on another part a law that they would force on themselves and not treat another as an unfortunate obligation rather as an equivalent element. Ethically, one is required to fit in with the standard of law openly to empower the network to act naturally controlling and empower the individuals to be free. Any activity that is unfair is considered

Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

System - Essay Example In this way, we use repeaters and centers (as appeared in Figure 1). Repeaters cradle the information flag and send the intensified adaptation of a similar sign to just the yield port. Centers are fundamentally telecasters (multiport repeaters). The sign is rehashed to all ports other than the information port. Ethernet is a common medium, along these lines, all hubs utilize a similar mode for transmission of information. At the point when two hubs send information at a similar moment, the information impacts and its legitimacy and honesty is undermined. Information must be sent once more. Despite the fact that Ethernet utilizes CSMA/CD (Tanenbaum 2003) for impact yet there are still deferrals. In this way, systems are intended to stay away from crashes while guaranteeing productive usage of data transfer capacity, giving great system throughput. In Figure 1, in the event that two hubs communicate simultaneously, crash happens. Center points/repeaters likewise limit the quantity of hubs that can be upheld (see Table 1 (Technick n.d.)). So organizes can't grow past a cutoff. As at once, the whole data transmission can be used by just a single hub, so the general throughput is constrained. For keeping away from impacts, the system traffic should be disconnected. So the large systems are isolated into littler sections. These sections are associated together through scaffolds and switches. Extensions and switches (spans with improvements) are straightforward astute gadgets that encourage development of LANs with the equivalent fundamental usefulness. They can associate a hub or a full Ethernet section (with its own arrangement of switches, centers and repeaters) of even extraordinary LAN innovations on every one of their ports (see Figure 2). They map the MAC delivers of hubs to each port. For every approaching casing the extension/switch checks the goal MAC address. On the off chance that the goal MAC lies on another port, at exactly that point it advances, else it channels the edge along these lines keeping it inside the section it originated from. The crash area is isolated. On the off chance that there is a crash in one fragment, the impact

Disrupt or Be Disrupted How to Disrupt Your Industry

Disrupt or Be Disrupted How to Disrupt Your Industry Disruption is one of the buzzwords often used in today’s business world. In the era of the start-up company, businesses must either go out and disrupt or prepare to be disrupted themselves. © Shutterstock.com | LightspringBut what does it mean to disrupt an industry? This guide will look at 1) the meaning of disruption and the biggest business examples of changing the market for good. You’ll also be able to read about 2) the four steps it takes to disrupt your industry and 3) a selection of ways you can do so.WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO ‘DISRUPT’ YOUR INDUSTRY?It is easy to think disrupting an industry simply means coming up with a new product or service in order to replace an old one. But creating products or services that are somehow better and cheaper doesn’t necessarily mean they are disruptive.Each business is essentially trying to come up with a new idea and a different way of doing things. But disruptive companies don’t just make new and innovative products or service, but they also add more value to the market and completely shake it. Disrupting an industry requires deep changes in the way the industry operates and always requires other companies to respond to this new way of doing business.One of the best descriptions of disruption came from a Harvard Business School professor, Clayton Christensen. In his book the Innovator’s Dilemma, he characterizes two different ways businesses can be disruptive:First, a business can disrupt by new market disruption, which means a disruptive product or service addresses a market that previously couldn’t be served.The second way to disrupt is by low-end disruption, which means the product or service is simpler, cheaper or more convenient alternative to what is already out there.In essence, disrupting an industry means challenging the status quo. Examples of disruptive businessesWith the above in mind, it isn’t any wonder to notice disruption is often used in the tech world. Many examples of truly disruptive businesses highlight the use of technology and how it has paved way for innovative ideas in traditional industries.Consider the example of Uber, for instance. The idea behind Uber seems sim ple and it can seem quite strange that a simple app could disrupt the whole industry. But the company has shaken the car-pooling industry upside down and caused quite a bit of stir in doing so.The idea behind Uber is simple: you offer customers a reliable and a cheaper way to move from one place to another when they don’t have a vehicle. It’s a taxi service, but rather more convenient, as well as cheaper to traditional taxi service.It has been able to challenge the status quo with clever software development and use, sufficient focus on logistics and adequate recruiting process. Yet, at the heart of it all is a very ancient and simple business idea.You can also see similar thinking behind the disruptive business idea from VideoBlocks. The stock footage industry was shaken to the core when the company entered the stage and paved the way for current subscription-based video streaming services such as Netflix.VideoBlocks started out by offering amateurs and professional filmmakers access to video clips and digital effects. It completely transformed the old thinking in the industry, which used to mean obtaining video footage was difficult and expensive.The company didn’t come up with a revolutionary product or a service. But it looked at the industry and found a way to make it easier for the customer to get their hands on video footage. Easing the access also meant it was able to lower the price.THE 4 STEPS TO TAKE TO DISRUPT YOUR INDUSTRYThere are further examples of businesses that were able to disrupt an industry. But all of the examples share very similar patterns and strategies. These can easily be used to find a way to disrupt any given industry.At this point, it is important to note disrupting an industry doesn’t necessarily mean the same as solving a problem. Indeed, no one had thought getting from A to B is somehow very difficult, but Uber still made tweaks and showed it can be done in an easier way. Therefore, instead of figuring out what the pro blem is you want to solve, your business needs to take a methodological attitude. The following four steps will help you look at your industry and find the ways to disrupt it.Define disruption and embrace your ideaFirst, you need to carefully look at your industry. You need to find the thing within the industry, segment or category you’d like to challenge and change. In most instances, the areas, which have remained the same for a long time, are the best for disruption.Therefore, you want to look at areas, which might not seem riddled with problems. Rather, you need to find the parts that no one has thought about could be changed.You’ll also need to carefully define disruption. As stated above, an innovative or cheaper product doesn’t necessarily equate to a disruptive business idea. You’ll need to be aiming for something that complete challenges your industry or a specific section within the industry.Overall, you shouldn’t be aiming for disruption for the sake of disrupti ng. You need to make sure you understand what you are disrupting for and who will benefit from it.At the early stage, you want to be brainstorming ideas. Don’t discard any idea until you’ve looked at it carefully and seen whether it can work and create the effect you want.As you come up with the idea for a new product or service, you need to follow the usual path of business plan development. You need to know how you are going forward with your idea and fully embrace it before you move forward.Learn to understand your customersOne of the most essential steps to take is all about understanding your customers better. You need to define your audience clearly, but you also need to understand what they want.Above all, you need to understand why your customers buy your products, if you already have an established business, or what you’d expect the reason to be with your new business venture. Focusing on the reason for using your product or service will reveal a great deal about the kind of customer you are dealing with. In fact, it doesn’t only reveal your customers’ needs, it also tells you more about the competition.You want to look at your industry through your customers’ eyes. Think what are the things that drive the customers to buy a certain product or service you are competing with. This provides you a better understanding of the things that work well and which make customers happy, as well the aspects that don’t work well.Furthermore, if you’ve worked in the industry for a long time, you might need to seek outside opinions. Finding the fresh perspective can often be hard when you know a little too much about the industry and the way it operates.Therefore, as well as discussing the ideas and problems with other people in the industry and the customers in your industry, a fresh perspective will be good. Talk to people who don’t know anything about the industry or use its products and services.Gather the resourcesYou’ll also need to put some thought into your resources. Disrupting the industry isn’t easy and you are often competing against companies that have plenty of resources at their disposal.If you are already an established business, your resources will be different compared to a situation where you are just setting up. Nonetheless, in most circumstances it is crucial to calculate what sorts of resources are needed to disrupt the industry.Interestingly, start-ups are often in an easier situation because the company’s resources will already be aimed toward disrupting the industry. You are setting up the business with the idea of disrupting, therefore your resources should all be geared toward a result.But it doesn’t mean established businesses wouldn’t be able to disrupt an industry. These companies just need to be careful in delegating the resources toward disruption. You don’t want to move away too many resources from the business, which already works.Overall, it is important for a business to find a b alance in running the established business successfully, while also delegating resources for innovation and development.Even if you break into the industry and disrupt it, you cannot start lying still. Businesses cannot afford to stop innovating at any point because there are always people out there ready to disrupt what you have achieved.Understand your limitationsFinally, it is crucial you also consider the limitations facing you. These could be obstacles in terms of finances or more to do with the industry. As part of your plan to disrupt the industry, you must think about the problems ahead of you.When you come up with an idea for disruption, you need to carefully analyse it and notice the pain points. Don’t get overexcited about your great product, but scrutinise it carefully to find the weak spots and the problem areas.You’ll also need to keep a clear head when it comes to presenting the idea to the world. Uber, for example, didn’t have the resources to take over the wor ld at once. Instead, it chose a single market area, got the product to work there, created the buzz and moved forward.Starting with a smaller disruption first can often be down to resources. As a start-up, you might not have the finances to roll out your new product or service around the country, let alone the world. But you might also find that servicing customers is easier when you start small.KEY WAYS TO DISRUPT THE INDUSTRYThe above steps will provide you a clear path to follow in your quest to disrupt your industry. You can use them for direction and guidance. Below you’ll find tangible ideas you can use to disrupt the industry.Eliminate your customer pain pointsThere isn’t a single perfect industry in the world. Customers always have certain pain points that don’t necessarily stop them buying or using the product, but which they, nonetheless, could do without. If you can find such a customer pain point and to solve it, you are most likely on your way to disrupt the indus try.As mentioned above, it’s a good idea to talk to your customers and to try experience the industry through their eyes. You need to remember that some pain points will be obvious whereas others might not be so striking.Big part of eliminating customer pain points deals with customer service. When you are coming up with your idea, make sure you keep customer service at the core of what you do. You can enrich the customer experience greatly, simply by making it easier for customers to get an answer to their problems or providing them with a sense of respect.Redefine market size or target marketDisrupting an industry requires big ideas and thinking outside the box. You shouldn’t be too scared of redefining the market size for your products and services.For example, the advertising industry used to be controlled by big corporations that were able to spend money on ad space. But Google opened up a completely new world by providing access to smaller companies as well, with affordabl e prices.Perhaps your industry has always targeted a specific set of customers and been happy with the revenue it generates. But is there room for a product or service that will expand this market and look at your core customers a little differently?Reduce complexityOne aspect of customer pain points often deals with complexity. We’ve all been faced with a new product,with instructions that make it impossible to get started. The ability to make a product or service straightforward is not as easy as it sounds, but it is the key to industry disruption.The more complex your industry is, the more opportunities you have to disrupt it with a clever product. By simplifying a product, you can gain immediate market advantage.Reducing complexity is not an easy task. Sometimes the ideas that look simple on paper don’t necessarily reduce customer pain points. It is a difficult way to disrupt the industry, while at the same time the most likely path for tremendous gains.Cut pricesOn the othe r hand, you don’t always need to go and reinvent the box. In order to disrupt an industry, it might be sufficient if you simply reinvent the price of the box. Cutting the cost of a product or a service can dramatically alter the industry and find you a completely new audience.Unlikely reducing complexity, cutting the prices can be a rather straightforward approach to disrupting the market. It isn’t to say cutting costs will be easy, but it can be much quicker than trying to completely change your industry with a new product.Keep in mind, cutting costs doesn’t mean an incremental change to the price. This will not lead to industry disruption. If you are aiming for disruption, you need to dramatically change the price point â€" often well above 70%.The technology boom has created plenty of opportunities for cutting prices. For example, different apps have been able to slash both customer pain points, as well as product and service prices in an instant.Smarten up the products and the processEverything is becoming smart these days â€" you got smartphones, smart-TVs and even cars are becoming smarter! The revolution of turning dumb things to smart can open many opportunities for disrupting a traditional industry.For example, you could have collars for dogs and cats, which let the owners know where the pet is or if they are making a mess at home when the owner is at work. On the other hand, you could create sport equipment that measures the speed, angle and force it was struck or swung, for example.There are tons of opportunities to make specific products smarter with little technological tweaks.Furthermore, the products and services themselves aren’t the only aspect you can smarten up. Perhaps you can simply smarten up the process of delivering the product or service to your customers. Finding a way to do things smarter during manufacturing can cut the retail price and clever shortcuts can ensure your customers enjoy the product quicker.NO EASY SECRETS TO D ISRUPTING YOUR INDUSTRYAs the above has shown disrupting an industry is by no means an easy task. Yet, it is possible and the rewards can be magnificent. If you just have the vision to look at your industry in a new light and find the ways to improve it and to change it, you can provide better service for customers and to grow your business.When it comes to disrupting the industry, the bolder claims you can come up with and the bigger problems you can solve, the impact of your ideas will also be deeper. Think your ideas through carefully and plan your business idea well.Above all, remember that you can either be the one showing the way in your industry or be the business that is always one step behind. Whether you like to disrupt an industry or not, you will need to confront it at some point.

Psychology Philosophy Of Psych - 2303 Words

Philosophy of Psych Introduction I clearly remember the day I decided I wanted to have a career in the field of psychology. I was a junior in high school, and I was sitting in my general psychology class. We were discussing the structure of the brain and what each region was responsible for. It was fascinating to me to learn about the different structures of the brain and how they directly relate to our behavior. I began to realize how powerful and influential the brain is, and how it can be utilized to explain numerous things, like behavior and emotion. It was during that class period that a switch flipped in my brain and I realized I wanted to pursue a career in the field of psychology. My teacher, Ms. Freeman, exposed me to the†¦show more content†¦Since becoming interested in psychology, I have found an outlet for my ability to empathize with people and help them solve problems. I have a nurturing personality, and I believe that working in the field of psychology as a counselor will allow m e to utilize my strengths. First Theoretical Perspective Cognitive psychology seeks to explain behavior through an understanding of how the mind works (Dowd, Clen, Arnold, 2010). It aims to discover internal mental mechanisms by examining why organisms feel the way they feel, behave the way they behave, and think the way they think (Delprato, 1995). As an aspiring counselor, one of the aspects I will need to consider when counseling a client is why they feel, think, or behave the way they do. Cognitive psychology can help me scientifically approach that question with knowledge of how the brain functions. Beginning leaders of the field include Renà © Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget. Many contemporary cognitive psychologists utilize a computer metaphor and the concept of â€Å"information processing† (Farah, 2000). I agree with the theoretical perspective of cognitive psychology because there is a factor to behavior that is unobservable. Behavior is causally related to a mental state or act, and those mental factors are viewed as the underlying factors that make behavior possible. Also, elements of the mind, like states and mechanisms, have operating characteristics. Understanding those

The Progressive Era Of American History - 1346 Words

The progressive era is one of the most researched times in American history due to the multiple social and economic movements that took place. When historians argue about progressivism, they are not just debating about events of a century ago, they are struggling to interpret the basic meaning of American democracy. The progressive era is a widely debated topic among many historians. It is known as a time period that consisted of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. In summary the progressive era consisted of businessmen seeking to prevent increased government regulation by supporting weak federal laws, women wanting equal rights such as the right to vote, religious gatherings trying to prohibit alcohol consumption, and high society optimists attempting to help the poorer classes. The reformists were a free union covering all levels of government that upheld political, monetary, and social changes. In the book Interpretations of American History, authors Kathryn Kish Sklar and Daniel T. Rodgers discuss their interpretation of the progressive movement. Ms. Sklar’s article is named â€Å"The Historical Foundations of Women’s Power in the Creation of the American Welfare State 1880-1920.† Mr. Rodgers article is called â€Å"from Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age [1998].† Sklar and Rodgers discuss their different views of the progressive era and what they believe were the causes, consequences, and meanings of events during the 1880s throughout the 1920s.Show MoreRelatedThe Progressive Era Of American History942 Words   |  4 PagesThe period that carved a spot in American history was referred to as the â€Å"Progressive Era† (1900-1920). It came about when both old and new concerns and problems about the lives of many Americans emerged. The Progressive Era reformers as well as the federal government were successful in altering certain problems in society but was limited by specific factors outs ide their circle. Trust-busting, consumer protection, and women suffrages are the major reforms that the reformers and federal governmentRead MoreThe Progressive Era And Its Impact On American History1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Progressive Era was a period of broad and varied movement which changed American values and life styles by having everlasting impact on American History. Most of the people during the progressive eras, lives changed through. During the Progressive Era Women wanted the right to vote and work outside their homes. Workers wanted better wages, hours, and safe condition while they are working. Coming with people who had race, which means all people wo were not white, they wanted a freedom, place toRead MoreThe Progressive Era of American History Illustrated in the Novel, Ragtime 1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe turn of the century in America introduced new inventions, new lifestyles, and new cultures. This time was called the â€Å"progressive era†. The c ities were bustling and new amazements came every day. The storyline and the characters in the novel, Ragtime, represent the changes of this time period. From Emma Goldman, to mother, to Evelyn Nesbit, all people and their lives evolved in this period. Emma Goldman, an anarchist, fought for freedom in all aspects of life. Mother became the head of the familyRead MoreWomen During The Progressive Era987 Words   |  4 PagesWoman in the progressive era What is a woman’s role? Is it to be a housewife and take care of her husband and children? Or is it much more then that. Between the years 1897- 1917 the progressive era came of age. This era not only created rapid economic growth but also created a voice for woman. As woman began to have a voice they were ready to use it and make a change that would affect American history forever. The progressive era was an era of change. The great depression had just ended andRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt s President Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 PagesRoosevelt’s New Deal encompassed many ideas that were expressed during the Progressive Era in the late nineteenth through the early twentieth centuries. Specifically, Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal policies in labor, economics, and protection of the people encompassed the fundamental ideas that were expressed in America during the Progressive Era. The National Recovery Administration reintroduced the ideas of the progressive era labor reforms. The National Recovery Administration sought to help peopleRead MoreLessons Learnt From the Great Depression and Progressive Era1386 Words   |  6 PagesLessons from the Great Depression Progressive Era Lessons from the Great Depression Progressive Era The Progressive Era in American history began slightly before the turn of the 20th century and continued into the second decade of the 20th century, ending around the beginning of World War I. The Great Depression of 20th century American occurred in 1929 and the more intense short-term effects lasted up and through World War II. The paper will scrutinize specific events of this period providingRead MoreReform in the United States813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Progressive and New Deal Eras are two of the most important and defining periods in American history. Through initiatives and reform passed during these times, America was changed politically, socially and economically. These changes affected all Americans in some way or another, but had significant impact on specific groups of American citizens. Whatever their impact, these eras jumpstarted and continued reform initiatives for our country that provided a model for tackling current issues inRead MoreThe Progressive Era1003 Word s   |  5 PagesThe Progressive Era Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopolies and so forth. During thisRead MoreWomen, African Americans And Literature1747 Words   |  7 PagesWomen, African-Americans Literature in the Progressive Era One of the greatest turning points in American history was the Progressive era due to the advancements and social responses led by women and people of color. Many depictions of this era through secondary sources can be used to see the conflicts faced by the individuals of the time period and the political movement that ensued right after. Many favorable outcomes resulted from this time period including the start of reformation from womenRead More The Progressive Era Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages The Progressive Era nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopolies

Theories of Group Formation Free Essays

Theories of Group Formation Below is an explanation of the different models of group formation processes by Lewin, Tuckman, McGrath, and Gersick including the major features, steps, and characteristics. Tuckman (1965), stated these roles/processes are needed for group formation: Forming: Group members learn about each other, and the task at hand. Indicators of this stage might include: unclear objectives, confusion, and low morale. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Group Formation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Storming: As group members continue to work, they will engage each other in arguments about the structure of the group which often are significantly emotional and illustrate a struggle for status in the group. Lack of cohesion marks this phase. Norming: Group members establish implicit or explicit rules about how they will achieve their goal. They address the types of communication that will or will not help with the task. Indicators include: Questioning performance, Reviewing/clarify objective, Changing/confirming roles, Opening risky issues, Assertiveness, Listening, Testing new ground, Identifying strengths and weaknesses. Performing: Groups reach a conclusion and implement the conclusion. Indicators include: Creativity, Initiative, Flexibility, and Open relationships. McGrath (1991), stated these roles/processes are needed for group formation: Mode I: Inception and acceptance of a project (goal choice) Mode II: Technical problem solving – solution of technical issues (means choice) Mode III: Conflict resolution – resolution of political issues conflict (policy choice) Mode IV: Execution – the performance requirements of the project (goal attainment) Unfreezing – this phase involves overcoming inertia and dismantling the existing â€Å"mind set†. Defense mechanisms have to be bypassed. Change – typically a period of confusion and transition. One is aware that the old ways are being challenged but does not have a clear picture to replace them yet. Freezing – the new mindset is crystallizing and one’s comfort level is returning to previous levels. Phase 1 – behavioral patterns and assumptions through which a group approaches its project emerges in its first meeting, and the group stays with the framework through the first half of its life. Teams may show little visible progress during this time because members are unable to perceive a use for the information they are generating until they revise the initial framework. Midpoint – at calendar midpoints, groups experience transitions-paradigmatic shifts in their approaches of their work enabling them to capitalize on the gradual learning they have done and make significant advances. This is an opportunity for the group to alter the course of its life midstream. Phase 2 – this is a second period of inertial movement, and takes its direction from plans crystallized during the transition. At completion, when a team makes a final effort to satisfy outside expectations, it experiences the positive and negative consequences of past choices. I see many roles that leaders need to provide in the group development process. A leader needs understanding of critical theories about how people learn, an understanding of patterns of discrimination and inequalities, and the benefits and liabilities associated with individual groups. Along with the ability to articulate his/her own philosophy of education, and use it to empower others’ active participation in their own transformation. According to Katzenbach and Smith (2005), effective working groups need little time to shape their purpose, since the leader usually establishes it. Despite the fact that many leaders refer to group reporting to them as a team, few groups really are. Leaders, however, should make sure the team succeeds in identifying specific purposes and goals. If the leader of a group wants to improve performance overall, he/she needs to find a way of the group taking shared ownership for the results. It is likely that a shift from individual responsibility to shared responsibility can only be achieved if the pay and reward system has a significant element that is dependent on the overall outcome. The knowledge, skills and attitudes of the leader may also need to shift significantly to be effective in this new environment. For example, a leader may need to share all of the individuals’ results with the group. The group has the right to know how others are performing if their pay depends on it. This could be a challenging experience for a leader who has avoided the potential emotional stress that can be caused by this level of openness. Kozlowski and Bell (2003), stated that team training and leadership interventions have the potential to enhance team development, it is a process that generally unfolds naturally without intentional intervention. Thus the potential for improving team development and team effectiveness in many organizations is high. â€Å"However, team training and team leadership are key leverage points for enhancing the developmental process by intervening before or as teams are formed (team training) and as they proceed through the developmental rocess in the work setting (team leadership and coaching). † Kozlowski Bell (2003). The theory that appeals to me the most is Tuckman’s theory of group formation. I believe I feel this way because it is most familiar to me, and have gone through the formal stages of forming, norming, storming, and performing. I was also a participant in a class called â€Å"How best to form your team†. This class went over these ideals that Tuckman men tions. Refer ences Gersick, Connie J. G. (1988). Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 31, No. 1, 9-41. Retrieved from Business Source Premier database Katzenbach, Jon R. Smith, Douglas K. (2005). The Discipline of Teams. The Harvard Business Review. July-August, 2005. pp. 162-171. Kozlowski, S. (2006). Group development. Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Retrieved from Sage e-References, Walden Library Kozlowski, S. W. J. , Bell, B. S. (2003). Work groups and teams in organizations. In W. C. Borman, ed. , D. R. Ilgen, ed. , R. J. Klimoski, ed. (Eds. ), ed. Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 12, pp. 333-375). London: Wiley. Lewin, K. (1999). Experiments in social space. Reflections, 1(1), 7-13. Retrieved from Business Source Premier database McGrath, J. E. (1991). Time, interaction, and performance (TIP): A theory of groups. Small Group Research, 22(2), 147-174. Retrieved from SAGE Management and Organization Studies Full Text Collection Tuckman, B. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63(6), 384-399. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database How to cite Theories of Group Formation, Papers

Importance of Computer free essay sample

Science is one of the greatest blessings in modern life. Scientific advancement has led to many important inventions. One of them is the computer. About a decade back, a computer was seen as a wonder machine. A few years later, this wonderful machine came closer to us as the Personal Computer (PC) entered the household scene. The computer today plays a significant role in our everybodys life. Computers are used practically everywhere. The use of computer in our country in the past two decades has taken a big jump. Today computers do much more than simply compute, super market scanners calculate our grocery bill while keeping store inventory; computerised telephone switching centres play traffic cop to millions of calls and keep lines of communications untangled, and Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) let us conduct banking transactions from virtually anywhere in the world. The extensive use of computers in all fields of business has improved efficiency of the industry and the economy of the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Computer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Computers have the capacity to do extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. Computers can be effectively used in solving the most difficult and complex mathematical problems. The other use of computers can be in compilation of information. Thus there will be a saving of time in research works. Computers can provide information to prevent traffic accidents. They can do such works which make the worker dull to repeat a process hundred times or more. Automation of work through computer will save the time and energy of human life. Thus human beings will get more leisure than they have today. Computer is the result of human mind exercises. It is a machine. It can help in any physical action. It can be used in progressing a physical work. It cannot think independently. We have to feed it before taking any mental work. We can find the answers based and limited to feeding material. First, we have to feed for a particular field to find some answers related to that field, we cannot find an answer from a vacuum because there is no ndependent feeling and thinking to answer without any base. Computers will never be able to replace man as they need detailed instructions from man and can never lead independent lives. In the Armed Forces computers are being widely used for collecting complex data for the aircrafts, missile and guns. The radar system is controlled with complex computers to give early warnings of coming enemy unit. Computers are also being widely used in mass communication and medical science. Today the police have started storing data on crimes and criminals on computers. Computers now have become a need of the day, in modern life. They are being used in every field of work. Due to importance of computer, its knowledge has been thought an essential qualification for a job. No doubt computers are capable of doing everything, but it is falling short of thinking. This is still only reserved form of man. So here computers are only machines; it cannot compete with man though they have overcome him in many ways